Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI10410.15789/2220-7619-2012-4-677-686REVIEWSОБЗОРЫGENOME ORGANIZATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATURAL INTERGENOTYPIC RECOMBINANT OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS RF1_2k/1bОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ГЕНОМА И ГЕОГРАФИЯ ПРИРОДНОГО МЕЖГЕНОТИПНОГО РЕКОМБИНАНТА ВИРУСА ГЕПАТИТА С RF1_2k/1bKalininaO. V.КалининаО. В.
Russian Federation

к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной микробиологии

197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14

olgakalinina@mail.ruФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург04072012246776860407201404072014Copyright ©; 2014, Kalinina O.V.Copyright ©; 2014, Калинина О.В.2014Kalinina O.V.Калинина О.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/104

Abstract. For many years, the viral hepatitis C is considered as one of the most actual infectious pathologies of human. During the last decade the number of registered cases of chronic viral hepatitis C in Russia increased two times and reached 40.9‰. According to the current virological classification, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is differentiated into 6 genotypes and more than 200 subtypes. At the same time, increasing number of publications report about novel genetic variants of HCV. A high mutation rate is considered to be a major factor behind HCV genetic diversity. Recombination as another mechanism for creating genetic variation was not recognized as important factor for generating the HCV diversity. For a long time it was believed that the natural recombinants of hepatitis C virus were not viable. The first inter-genotype HCV recombinant RF1_2k/1b was identified in 2002 in Saint-Petersburg. The structural genes of the recombinant strain were similar to those of the HCV subtype 2k, while its nonstructural genes (except for the part of the NS2 gene) belonged to the HCV subtype 1b. Since that time, many studies were initiated to indentify natural HCV recombinants. This review presents current data regarding the genomic organization of HCV and its natural inter-genotype recombinant RF1_2k/1b as well as information about circulation of this recombinant in the world.

Резюме. Многие годы вирусный гепатит С (ГС) является одной из наиболее актуальных инфекционных патологий человека. За последнее десятилетие число зарегистрированных больных хроническим гепатитом С в Российской Федерации увеличилось вдвое и достигло 40,9‰. Согласно современной классификации, вирус гепатита С (ВГС) представлен 6 генотипами и более 200 субтипами. При этом постоянно появляются сообщения о новых, ранее не выявлявшихся вариантах вируса. Основным фактором, обусловливающим генетическое разнообразие ВГС, является высокая частота мутирования. Рекомбинацию как механизм, участвующий в формировании генетического разнообразия вида, долгое время не принимали во внимание, полагая, что возможные природные рекомбинанты ВГС нежизнеспособны. В 2002 г. в Санкт-Петербурге впервые в мире был выявлен природный межгенотипный рекомбинант ВГС RF1_2k/1b с абсолютно новыми фенотипическими характеристиками: его структурные гены принадлежат к субтипу 2k, а неструктурные — к субтипу 1b. С тех пор начались широкие исследования, посвященные поиску природных рекомбинантов ВГС. В данном обзоре представлены имеющиеся к настоящему времени сведения об организации генома вируса гепатита С и генома природного межгенотипного рекомбинанта ВГС RF1_2k/1b, а также сведения о его географическом распространении.

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