POPULATIONAL HEPATITIS A AND E VIRUS SEROPREVALENCE IN KHERSON REGION



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Abstract

Introduction. Hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E (HEV) virus infections are characterized by high frequency of subclinical forms. Serological examination (detection of pathogen-specific antibodies) allows to identify subjects after latent infection to create real-life understanding of epidemiological situation underrepresented in official statistics reports. The study was aimed at assessing prevalence of anti-hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) virus antibodies in the population of the Kherson region. The data obtained were analyzed based on infection-vaccination status and socio-demographic features in the Kherson region.

Materials and methods. A cross-sectional, randomized study was conducted (April–May 2024) in representative cohort of the Kherson region population (n=2,806), stratified into nine age groups. For this, vaccination and medical history data were collected. Serological markers (anti-HAV IgG, anti-HEV IgG) were quantitated with commercial ELISA kits purchased from Russian manufacturers. Statistical data processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prizm version 9.3; statistical error, significance of differences and correlations were assessed.

Results. Anti-HAV antibodies were found in 54.0 % of study subjects; in the subgroup of respondents who denied former disease and HAV vaccination (n=1862), the detection rate of anti‑HAV IgG comprised 46.1 % suggesting a marked natural immunity due to past subclinical infection. Due to a cumulative effect of specific antibody population accumulatio, a direct correlation between the frequency of anti‑HAV IgG and the age of the examined individuals was found. Analyzing occupation-specific distribution, anti‑HAV IgG prevalence peaked among medical workers (69.6 %), business sector employees (64.7 %), transport enterprise workers (63.6 %) as well as education workers (61.1%). Anti-HEV antibodies were found in 190 (6.8 %) study subjects evidencing about covert HEV circulation in the Kherson region.

No significant differences in HEV seroprevalence rates were found in the groups with and without former surgical interventions and/or blood transfusions (p > 0.05) likely due to the relatively low HEV prevalence in the Kherson region.

The study data demonstrate high level of HAV natural immunity in the Kherson population mainly shaped by subclinical infection forms that corroborates long-term HAV circulation in this region. At the same time, 69.5 % of volunteers with anti‑HEV IgG were also positive for HAV antibodies. In addition, HAV seroprevalence was significantly higher among women (59.5 %) vs. men (45.0 %).

Discussion and conclusions. The results emphasize a need to apply differential approach to vaccine prophylaxis of viral hepatitis and improve regional immunization programs by taking into account real-life population pattern and occupational risk factors. The study also highlights the urgency of expanding HAV vaccination coverage to prevent future outbreaks of the disease.

About the authors

Anna Yu. Popova

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human
Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation

Email: depart@gsen.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2567-9032

Sc (Medicine), Professor, Head

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alesia Y. Olkhovskaya

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: alesja.gorbynova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8200-8094
SPIN-code: 7995-0043

Laboratory Research Assistant, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Yulia Vladimirovna Ostankova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: shenna1@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2270-8897

PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of immunology and Virology HIV Infection, Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

Svetlana A. Egorova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: egorova72@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7589-0234
SPIN-code: 4000-4122
Scopus Author ID: 36937138200

PhD, MD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Enteric Infections

Russian Federation, 197101, St. Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Olga A. Petrova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: belka-mbf1988@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6252-1499

Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

E. V. Anufrieva

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: kate.an21@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-1882-529X
SPIN-code: 5056-8485

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Alexandr N. Schemelev

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: tvildorm@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3139-3674

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

Angelica M. Milichkina

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: Milichkina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9421-7109

PhD (Medicine), Head Physician of the Medical Cente

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

V. M. Turov

Rospotrebnadzor Office for Kherson Oblast

Email: vladimturow@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-2419-3040

Head 

Irina V. Drozd

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: ckdl@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1966-7860

PhD (Biology), Head

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Z. V. Vasilyeva

Rospotrebnadzor Office for Kherson Oblast

Email: zinaidovna.zina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-0847-8841

Head of the Epidemiological Surveillance Department, Rospotrebnadzor Office in the Kherson Region.

Russian Federation

Oyuna B. Zhimbaeva

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: damaoyuna@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0807-9588

Physician, Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Elena B. Zueva

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: ezueva75@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0579-110X

PhD (Biology), Biologist, Department of Diagnostics of HIV Infection and AIDS-associated Diseases

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

L. V. Buts

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: lidabuts@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2631-0256

Head of the Epidemiological Surveillance Department 

St. Petersburg

Russian Federation

O. I. Demyduk

Ministry of Health of Kherson Oblast

Email: demedyk@khogov.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-1699-7353

Deputy Minister of Health of the Kherson Region.

Russian Federation

Valery A. Ivanov

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: korsaring@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4512-8588

IT analyst

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

G. B. Dymchenko

Rospotrebnadzor Office for Kherson Oblast

Email: fbuz_84@cge-kherson.ru

Chief Physician

Russian Federation

Areg A. Totolian

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: totolian@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4571-8799

RAS Full Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Director

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

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