PREVALENCE OF PARENTERAL VIRAL HEPATITIS MARKERS IN THE KHERSON REGION



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Abstract

Background. Parenteral hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) virus infections pose a global public health problem. It is critical to conduct epidemiological study for planning effective preventive and therapeutic interventions in the Kherson region during post-crisis healthcare restoration. Objective. The study was aimed to comprehensively assess prevalence of population parenteral viral hepatitis markers in the Kherson region, taking into account infection and vaccination status as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional randomized study on the representative Kherson region sample (N=2806), stratified into 9 age groups was carried out. Anamnestic data on vaccination and former infections were collected. Serological markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, anti-HDV) were quantitated by ELISA, verified further in case of positive HBsAg and anti-HCV results. Molecular markers (HBV DNA, HCV RNA, HDV RNA) were assessed by PCR, including a highly sensitive method for occult hepatitis B (OBI). Results. Prevalence of HBsAg-positive infection comprised 1.4%, peaking in the 40-49 age group (2.6%). Anti-HBc prevalence progressively increased with age (from 1.7% in under 18 to 21.5% in 70+). Total protective post-vaccination/infection immunity (anti-HBs ≥10 IU/L) was low (25.2%), peaking in children aged 1-5 years (58.9%), with sharp decline in adolescents and adults. A key finding: OBI (HBV DNA without HBsAg) dominated over manifest forms. HBV DNA was detected in 4.1% participants, of which 81.6% (3.3% total sample) were referred to OBI. Former iatrogenic interventions served as an OBI risk factor. Self-reported HBV vaccination coverage was 36.5%, but protective antibodies were found in only 31.6% of such vaccinated individuals. Anti-HCV prevalence was 4.1%, increasing with age; HCV RNA was detected in 1.2%. Anti-HDV antibody prevalence was 0.5%, not paralleled with HDV RNA detection. Conclusion. The Kherson region shows a contradictory epidemiological situation: despite low HBV/HCV infection rates in the younger individuals, a critical issue is posed by insufficient population immunity due to low and ineffective HBV vaccination coverage, OBI dominance resulting in uncontrolled infection reservoir as well as association with iatrogenic interventions. These findings justify a need to strengthen routine immunization, implement catch-up vaccination, and introduce OBI screening in at-risk groups.

About the authors

Anna Yu. Popova

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation

Email: depart@gsen.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2567-9032

 DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Russian Federation, Moscow

Yulia Vladimirovna Ostankova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: shenna1@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2270-8897

PhD (in Biology), Head of the Laboratory of immunology and virology HIV-Infection, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federatio

Russian Federation

Svetlana A. Egorova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: egorova72@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7589-0234

DSc (Medicine), Deputy Director for Innovation

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Alesia Y. Olkhovskaya

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: alesja.gorbynova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8200-8094

Laboratory Research Assistant, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Olga A. Petrova

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: belka-mbf1988@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6252-1499

Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Yekaterina Vladimirovna Anufrieva

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: kate.an21@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-1882-529X
SPIN-code: 5056-8485

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Alexandr N. Schemelev

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: tvildorm@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3139-3674

PhD, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

Angelica M. Milichkina

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: Milichkina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9421-7109

PhD (Medicine), Head Physician of the Medical Cente

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Vladimir Michailovich Turov

Rospotrebnadzor Office for Kherson Oblast

Email: vladimturow@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-2419-3040

Head of the Rospotrebnadzor Office in the Kherson Region.

Russian Federation

Irina V. Drozd

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: ckdl@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1966-7860

PhD (Biology), Head

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Zinaida Vladimirovna Vasil'eva

Rospotrebnadzor Office for Kherson Oblast

Email: zinaidovna.zina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-0847-8841

Head of the Epidemiological Surveillance Department, Rospotrebnadzor Office in the Kherson Region.

Russian Federation

Oyuna B. Zhimbaeva

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: damaoyuna@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0807-9588

Physician, Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Elena B. Zueva

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: ezueva75@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0579-110X

PhD (Biology), Biologist, Department of Diagnostics of HIV Infection and AIDS-associated Diseases

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

Lydia Vasilievna Buts

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: lidabuts@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2631-0256

Head of the Epidemiological Surveillance Department 

 

Russian Federation

Olga Ivanovna Demid'uk

Ministry of Health of Kherson Oblast

Email: demedyk@khogov.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-1699-7353

Deputy Minister

Russian Federation

Valery A. Ivanov

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Email: korsaring@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4512-8588

IT analyst

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Georgy Borisovich Dymchenko

Rospotrebnadzor Office for Kherson Oblast

Email: fbuz_84@cge-kherson.ru

Chief physician

Russian Federation

Areg Artemovich Totolian

St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: pasteur@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4571-8799

RAS Full Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Director

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg

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