POPULATION HERD IMMUNITY TO MEASLES, RUBELLA, AND MUMPS IN SEVERAL RUSSIAN REGIONS



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Abstract

Introduction. Mass vaccination, implemented in Russia within the framework of the Russia-wide National Vaccination Calendar, is a key component in the fight against vaccine-preventable infections (measles, mumps, rubella).

The aim. The study's aim was to assess herd immunity to the most common types of vaccine-preventable infections in several Russian regions.

Materials and Methods. The study involved 2,807 volunteers from several regions (Amur, Irkutsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kaliningrad) and the Republic of Crimea. During the study, participants completed a questionnaire. A cohort of volunteers, stratified by age (1–5, 6–11, 12–17, 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, ≥70 years), was randomized using a web application. Antibodies to the measles, rubella, mumps, and diphtheria toxin pathogens were quantitated by ELISA (IgG) using Russian-made test systems.

Results. The cohort average seropositivity magnitude for measles, mumps, and rubella were 75.7%, 84.0%, and 95.8%, respectively. For measles, the highest seropositivity level was observed in the group 1-11 years (Me=74.8%; IQR=68.5-83.5) and the group 60-70+ years (95.1%; IQR=93.2-95.8). Regarding mumps, these two ago groups also showed peak values: 1-11 years (Me=85.9%; IQR=81.4-92.5) and 60-70+ years (Me=88.6%; IQR=83.7-90.6). The lowest measles seroprevalence was observed in 18-39-year age group (Me = 59.7%; IQR = 55.9-64.6). For mumps, the lowest seroprevalence was also observed in 18-39-year age group (Me = 78.4%; IQR = 63.9-83.7). Regarding rubella, seropositivity was evenly distributed across the entire cohort: Me = 95.8% (IQR = 93.9-97.5). Among specific vaccines for immunization against measles/mumps or rubella, the mumps-measles or live monovalent rubella vaccine, respectively, was most or more frequently used.

Conclusion. High measles and mumps seroprevalence among children is due to post-vaccination immunity following mass immunization, primarily with the mumps-measles vaccine. Seroprevalence in older adults is associated with childhood infections that have elicited post-infectious immunity. Rubella immunity was virtually independent of age, geographic location, or climate factors. Reduced measles and mumps seropositivity among middle-aged individuals may lead to emergence of sporadic cases of these diseases, which may require additional measures, including catch-up vaccination.

About the authors

Anna Yu. Popova

Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare

Email: depart@gsen.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2567-9032

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Russian Federation, Moscow

Vyacheslav S. Smirnov

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: vssmi@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2723-1496

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology.

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Svetlana A. Egorova

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: egorova72@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7589-0234

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director for Innovation.

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Lidiya V. Buts

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: butz@pasteurorg.ru

Specialist 1st category

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Angelika M. Milichkina

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: amilichkina@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9421-7109

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Chief Physician of the Medical Center.

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Valery A. Ivanov

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: korsaring@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4512-8588

IT analyst

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Ekatherina M. Danilova

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: pasteur@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2565-6052

Pediatrician, head of the outpatient department of the medical center.

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Oyuna Bayarovna Zhimbaeva

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: zhimbaeva@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0807-9588

Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics

Russian Federation

Victoria G. Drobyshevskaya

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: v.g.drobyshevskaia@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5827-9276

Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Oleg Vladimirovich Kotsar

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: kotsar@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-7291-5167

Group leader

Russian Federation

Olga Petrovna Kurganova

Amur Regional Office, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: info@28.rospotrebnadzor.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3010-3054

Supervisor

Russian Federation

Natalia Aleksandrovna Penkovskaya

Interregional Office of Rospotrebnadzor, Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol

Email: info@82.rospotrebnadzor.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1585-0919

Supervisor

Russian Federation

Elena Anatolyevna Babur

Kaliningrad Regional Office, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: kaliningrad@39.rospotrebnadzor.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4610-752X

Supervisor

Russian Federation

Natalya Evgenyevna Potalitsina

Irkutsk Regional Office, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: potalitsina_ne@38.rospotrebnadzor.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-4187-3404

Deputy Head

Russian Federation

Sergey Vladimirovich Balakhanov

Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: potalitsina_ne@38.rospotrebnadzor.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4201-5828

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director

Russian Federation

Natalya A. Sadykova

Nizhny Novgorod Regional Office, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: sanepid@sinn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9412-8678

Deputy Head

Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod

Natalya N. Zaytseva

Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: zaytseva@nniiem.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5370-4026

PhD, MD (Medicine), Director

Russian Federation, 71, Malaya Yamskaya str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

Ekaterina Nikolaevna Burdinskaya

Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Amur Region

Email: office@cge-amur.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9931-9203

Chief physician

Russian Federation

Yulia Aleksandrovna Natykan

Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Amur Region

Email: epidotdel9@cge-amur.ru

Head of the Department of Epidemiological Surveillance

Russian Federation

Svetlana Aleksandrovna Listopad

Interregional Office of Rospotrebnadzor, Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol

Email: Listopad_SA@82.rospotrebnadzor.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-5096-6407

Head of Department

Russian Federation

Liliya Valeryevna Mironova

Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: mironova-lv@yandex.ru

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director

Russian Federation

Valentina Ivanovna Dubrovina

Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: dubrovina-valya@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8561-6207

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory

Russian Federation

Anastasia V. Polyanina

Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: polyanina.anastasia@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1258-5467

PhD (Medicine), Deputy Director

Russian Federation, 71, Malaya Yamskaya str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

Anna Dmitrievna Kashnikova

Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: gepatit-bystrova@yandex.ru

Candidate of Medical Sciences, research fellow

Russian Federation

Olga Ivanovna Deryabina

Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Nizhny Novgorod Region

Email: sanepid@sinn.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-4265-5763

Deputy Chief Physician

Russian Federation

Margarita Dmitrievna Senina

Nizhny Novgorod Regional Office, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: sanepid@sinn.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-8076-3061

Leading specialist expert

Russian Federation

Nadezhda Alekseevna Likhanova

Irkutsk Regional Office, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: lixalen1@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9250-2440

Head of the Epidemiological Surveillance Department

Russian Federation

Nikolai Gennadevich Usovik

Irkutsk Regional Office, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: usovik.n@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-0243-2176

Leading specialist expert

Russian Federation

Natalya Aleksandrovna Berkovich

Interregional Office of Rospotrebnadzor, Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol

Email: n.berkovich@cge-crimea.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-2458-0211

Head of Department

Russian Federation

Zhanna Ruslanovna Molchanova

Kaliningrad Regional Office, Rospotrebnadzor

Email: molcanovajr@39.rospotrebnadzor.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2704-7832

Chief Expert Specialist

Russian Federation

Elena Aleksandrovna Kudryashova

Ministry of Health, Kaliningrad Region

Email: e.kudryashova@minzdrav.gov39.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-2415-9749

Deputy Minister

Russian Federation

Tatyana V. Arbuzova

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: arbuzova@pasteurorg.ru

Junior Researcher, Epidemiological Monitoring and Forecasting Group

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Daria A. Starkova

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: dariastarkova13@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3199-8689

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher of the Pathogens Identification Laboratory, Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics

Russian Federation, 197101, St. Petersburg, Mira str., 14

Alena V. Svarval

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: alenasvar@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9340-4132

PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Head of the Pathogens Identification Laboratory

Russian Federation, 14, Mira str., St. Petersburg, 197101

Lyudmila Valeryevna Suzhaeva

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: suzhaeva@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7292-9933

Junior Research Fellow

Russian Federation

Kristina Andreevna Frolova

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: shepotkina@pasteurorg.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-0377-0536

Laboratory research assistant

Russian Federation

Areg A. Totolian

Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Author for correspondence.
Email: totolian@spbraaci.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4571-8799

RAS Full Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor, Director

Russian Federation, 197101, Saint Petersburg , st. Mira, 14

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